Linux Commands Everything you need to know Ankit Chaubey, 10, June 202212, December 2022 Linux is an open-source operating system that has been used by millions of people worldwide. In this article, I’ll teach you some basic Linux commands so you can start using it today!Basic Linux CommandsNetworking Linux CommandsFile Permission Linux CommandsLinux User and Group Management CommandsLinux Process Management CommandsLinux Hard Drive and Storage CommandsLinux Disk Management CommandsLinux Package Management CommandLinux Compress and Uncompressed CommandsLinux Kernel Information and Module ManagementEnvironment Variable CommandsHardware Information CommandsLinux Full CourseTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Basic Linux Commands2 Networking Linux Commands3 File Permission Linux Commands4 Linux User and Group Management Commands5 Linux Process Management Commands6 Linux Hard Drive and Storage Commands7 Linux Disk Management Commands8 Linux Package Management Command9 Linux Compress and Uncompressed Commands10 Linux Kernel Information and Module Management11 Environment Variable Commands12 Hardware Information Commands13 Linux Full Course13.1 About The Author13.1.1 Ankit Chaubey13.2 RelatedBasic Linux CommandsCommandDescriptionhostnamectlGet system information including, operating system, kernel, and release versiondateDisplay the current system date and timehostnameDisplay the hostname of the systemifconfigDisplay the IP and Mac Address of the systemwDisplay currently logged in users in the systemfree -mDisplay free and used memory in the systemtopDisplay all running processeslsList all files and directories in the current working directoryls -alList all files and directories including, hidden files and other information like permissions, size, and ownercdChange the directory to the home directorycd ..Change the directory to one level upcat filenameDisplay the content of the filecat file1 file2 > file3Combine two files named file1 and file2 and store the output in a new file file3tail filenameDisplay the last 10 lines of a filehead filenameDisplay the first 10 lines of a filemv oldfile newfileRename a filerm filenameDelete a filemkdir dirnameCreate a directoryrm -rf dirnameRemove a directoryhistoryPrint a history list of all commandsclearClear the terminalshutdown -h nowShut down the systemrebootRestart the systemNetworking Linux CommandsCommandDescriptionip addr show Or ifconfigList all IP addresses and network interfacesip addr add IP-Address dev eth1Add a temporary IP address to interface eth1netstat -pnltuDisplay all listening portwhois domainnameDisplay more information about any domaindig domainnameDisplay DNS information of any domainhost domainnamePerform an IP lookup for a domaindig -x IP-AddressPerform a reverse lookup of an IP addressdig -x domainamePerform a reverse lookup on domainping host-ipCheck connectivity between two hostsFile Permission Linux CommandsCommandDescriptionls -l filenameCheck the current permission of any filechmod 777 filenameAssign full(read, write, and execute) permission to everyonechmod -R 777 dirnameAssign full permission to the directory and all sub-directorieschmod 766 filenameAssign full permission to the owner, and read and write permission to group and otherschmod -x filenameRemove the execution permission of any filechown username filenameChange the ownership of a filechown user:group filenameChange the owner and group ownership of a filechown -R user:group dirnameChange the owner and group ownership of the directory and all sub-directoriesLinux User and Group Management CommandsCommandDescriptionwDisplay all login usersuseradd usernameAdd a new user accountuserdel -r usernameDelete a user accountusermod [option] usernameChange the user account information including, group, home directory, shell, expiration dateusermod -aG groupname usernameAdd a user to a specific groupgroupadd groupnameCreate a new groupgroupdel groupnameRemove a grouplastDisplay information of the last login useridDisplay UID and GID of the current userLinux Process Management CommandsCommandDescriptionpsDisplay all active processesps -ef | grep processnameDisplay information of specific processtopManage and display all processes in realtimepstreeDisplay processes in the tree-like diagramlsofList all files opened by running processeskill pidKill a specific process using process IDkillall processnameKill all processes by namebgDisplay stopped or background jobspidof processnameGet the PID of any processLinux Hard Drive and Storage CommandsCommandDescriptiondf or df -hSee the current storage usage of mounted partitionssudo fdisk -lSee information for all attached storage devicesduSee disk usage of a directory’s contentstreeView the directory structure for a pathmount and umountMount and unmount a storage device or ISO fileLinux Disk Management CommandsCommandDescriptionfdisk -lList all disk partitionsfdisk /dev/sdaCreate a new partition on /dev/sda devicemkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1Format the partition named /dev/sda1fsck.ext4 /dev/sda1Check and repair a filesystem for any errormount /dev/sda1 /mntMount any partition to any directorydf -hDisplay free space of mounted file systemdf -iDisplay free inodes on the filesystemdu -hsDisplay the size of your current directorylsblkDisplay information about block deviceslsusb -tvDisplay all USB deviceshdparm -tT /dev/sdaPerform a read speed test on disk /dev/sdabadblocks -s /dev/sdaTest for unreadable blocks on disk /dev/sdaLinux Package Management CommandCommandDescriptionapt-get install packagenameInstall the package on Debian based distributionsapt-get remove packagenameRemove a package on Debian based distributionsdpkg -l | grep -i installedGet a list of all packages on Debian based distributionsdpkg -i packagename.debInstall .deb packageapt-get updateUpdate the repository on Debian based distributionsapt-get upgrade packagenameUpgrade a specific package on Debian based distributionsapt-get autoremoveRemove all unwanted packages on Debian based distributionsyum install packagenameInstall the package on RPM-based distributionsyum remove packagenameRemove a package on RPM-based distributionsyum updateUpdate all system packages to the latest version on RPM-based distributionsyum list --installedList all installed packages on RPM-based distributionsyum list --availableList all available packages on RPM-based distributionsLinux Compress and Uncompressed CommandsCommandDescriptiontar -cvf filename.tar filenameCompress a file in the Tar archivetar -xvf filename.tarUncompress a Tar filetar -tvf filename.tarList the content of the Tar filetar -xvf filename.tar file1.txtUntar a single file from Tar filetar -rvf filename.tar file2.txtAdd a file to the Tar filezip filename.zip filenameCompress a single file to a zipzip filename.zip file1.txt file2.txt file3.txtCompress multiple files to a zipzip -u filename.zip file4.txtAdd a file to a zip filezip -d filename.zip file4.txtDelete a file from a zip fileunzip -l filename.zipDisplay the content of zip archive fileunzip filename.zipUnzip a fileunzip filename.zip -d /dirnameUnzip a file to a specific directoryLinux Kernel Information and Module ManagementCommandDescriptionuname -aOutput detailed information about your kernel version and architecturelsmodFind what modules are currently loadedmodinfo module_nameGet information about any particular modulemodprobe --remove module_nameRemove a modulemodprobe module_nameLoad a module into the kernelEnvironment Variable CommandsCommandDescriptionprintenv or printenv variable_nameList all environment variables on a Linux system, or a specific onewhereis and whichFind where a command in PATH is locatedexport MY_SITE="linuxconfig.org"Set a temporary environment variable (just an example, but use the same syntax)echo $VARIABLEDisplay the value of a variableunsetRemove a variableHardware Information CommandsCommandDescriptionlspciSee general information about host bridge, VGA controller, ethernet controller, USB controller, SATA controller, etc.dmidecodeSee some information about BIOS, motherboard, chassis, etc.cat /proc/cpuinfoRetrieve processor type, socket, speed, configured flags, etc.x86info or x86info -aSee information about the CPUcat /proc/meminfoSee detailed information about system RAMlshwList all hardware components and see their configuration detailslshw -C memory -shortDetect number of RAM slots used, speed, and sizehwinfoList details for all hardware, including their device files and configuration optionsbiosdecodeGet some general information about your system’s BIOSdmidecode -s bios-vendorRetrieve the name of your BIOS vendor with this simple commandlsusbGet a list of USB devices plugged into your systemls -la /dev/disk/by-id/usb-*Retrieve a list of USB device fileshdparm -I /dev/sdxGet information about your hard drive’s make, model, serial number, firmware version, and configurationhdparm -tT /dev/sdxShow the speed of an installed hard drive – including cached reads and buffered disk readswodim --devicesLocate CD or DVD device fileLinux Full Course Related Article’s The 7 Best Screen Recorders For Linux In 2022How to Install Brave Browser on Kali LinuxHow To Check Kali Linux VersionAdvance Linux terminal commands for The Power usersAbout The Author Ankit Chaubey See author's postsRelated kali Linux Linux Reveals Basic Linux CommandsCheat SheetCompress and Uncompress CommandsDisk Management CommandsEnvironment Variable CommandsFile Permission CommandsHard Drive and Storage CommandsHardware Information CommandsKernel Information and Module ManagementLinuxLinux Commands Cheat SheetLinux Full CourseNetworking CommandsPackage Management CommandProcess Management CommandsUser and Group Management Commands
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